over time. The paper identifies the gaps in the design of direct tax incentives, focusing on the income tax and MAT …

electronic billing and personal income tax returns filed in 2017. Bringing together this novel combination of data, the study … applies the standard method Pissarides and Weber (1989) used to estimate the under-reporting of income by comparing public …- and private-sector employees. The results demonstrate empirically that under-reporting of income in private …