transport sector affect their productivity. In order to compare different institutional regimes, we carry out a comparative … productivity, which we regress on firm and city characteristics. We find that when firms are totally or partially in public hands … their productivity is lower. Moreover, firms selected through competitive tendering display higher total factor productivity …

and 2018, we estimate the total factor productivity with the most common methods for the Cobb-Douglas and the translog …

provide evidence of the causal impact of this policy on firms' input choices and on total factor productivity on Italian … the productivity obtained from estimating the production function, does not provide valid inference. We rely instead on an … innovative structural approach. We find that the policy has a small negative effect on productivity that is heterogeneous across …