In the last three decades, two questions have been central for the Left. Is there a future for electoral socialism and social democracy? And, is it any longer possible to promote a significant redistribution of income in favour of labour? Political and economic events seem to suggest negative...

We study whether the effects on registered manufacturing output of dismantling the license raj - a system of central controls regulating entry and production activity in this sector - vary across Indian states with different labor market regulations and different nancial development. To guide...