Despite widespread recognition that the aggregate labour market is composed of a number of heterogeneous submarkets, there is little guidance on how to appropriately delineate such submarkets when conducting economic research. This paper contributes to a small but growing body of work addressing...

This working paper presents the results of the ETUI Internet and Platform Work Survey conducted in Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia in 2018-2019. The objective is to map the extent of digital labour in central and eastern Europe (CEE). We analyse two types of online sources for...

The apprenticeship system is the most important source of formal post-secondary training in Germany. Using German register data - the IAB Employment Sample - we find that apprentices staying with their training firm after graduation have longer first-job durations but not higher wages than...