empirical analysis of patent and energy data. Our contribution is fivefold. First, our model shows that under very general …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

. Under speed-dependent evolution, a patent-based system will fail to target socially optimal innovation size. The overall … competitors. The paper examines the capacity for decentralised patent-based incentive mechanisms to result in socially optimal … incompatibility between the dynamics of the patent system and the dynamics of the resistance problem under both types of evolution …

We study the effect of the fragmentation of intellectual property rights on optimal patent design. The major finding is … requirements should be stronger than in the case of stand-alone innovation. This reduces the fragmentation of intellectual property …, which is socially costly. However, to preserve the incentives to innovate, if a patent is granted the strength of protection …