, including 20 Latin American countries, to explore the effects of political parties on redistribution. First, consistent with a … younger and older parties, older left-wing parties are more likely to internalize the long-run costs of redistribution and to … be more credible in their commitment to redistribution, leading them to redistribute less. With entirely different data …

carbon emission reduction than redistribution (inequality reduction by transfers). However, those countries who contribute …-distribution decreases or does not affect the carbon emissions of the biggest global polluters. Redistribution, on the other hand, exhibits …