distribution of income. Based on a review of the literature, I argue for a fair distribution of income as reflected in low income … inequality, not particularly because of the impact of income inequality on long-term growth (which is a controversial issue), but … primarily because income inequality typically implies inequality of opportunity. European Union countries have very diverse …

We use a controlled laboratory experiment to study the causal impact of income decreases within a time period on …, we investigate the effect of a negative income trend (intra-personal decrease), which means a decreasing income compared … to one's recent past. Second, we investigate the effect of a negative income trend relative to the income trend of …

help from government transfers and lower cost associated with having fewer other children, or due to a stronger savings …