income taxes as well as capital gains taxes and start-up capital subsidies on the volume and quality of venture capital …

correcting R&D market failures, can be useful complements to emissions pricing, but ambitious renewable targets or subsidies seem …

(renewable energy deployment) or upstream development and manufacturing of those technologies. The use of subsidies …-particularly upstream ones-is disciplined by World Trade Organization agreements, and its subsidies code lacks exceptions for transboundary … offering production and consumption subsidies in producer countries, allowing that some of the downstream market may lie in …

Industrial policy has long been criticized as subject to protectionist interests; accordingly, subsidies to domestic … offering production (upstream) and deployment (downstream) subsidies in producer countries, allowing that some of the … downstream market may lie in nonregulating third-party countries. Restraints on upstream subsidies erode global welfare when …