the country, finally, the paper discusses how governments, in particular the central government, should address these … problems and challenges. Given that China has faced great difficulty ensuring that local governments act in accordance with … centrally-directed policies, the paper in particular discusses ways to incentivize local governments not to focus on economic …

that fellow voters will accept particularistic benefits from poorly performing governments that keep them from voting … against those governments, no voter has an incentive to select politicians who promise high-quality government. By the same …