Although science has been an incredibly powerful and revolutionary force, it is not clear whether science is suited to … performance under pressure; generally, science achieves best in its usual comfort zone of patience, caution, and slowness. But if … science is organized knowledge and acts as a guiding force for making informed decisions, it is important to understand how …

institutions and compare them with the economics funding program of the National Science Foundation. Our results indicate that …

-based pedagogy (IPP) on students' math and science test scores. IPP creates active problem solving opportunities in settings that …, and communicating ideas. We find that IPP increased math test scores by 0.18 standard deviations and science test scores …