systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade … to institute a system of income redistribution. However, a higher propensity to save by the rich would exacerbate wealth …

-2004 shows that income has only a minor effect on positive subjective well-being but a large effect on negative well …

; Collateral ; Income risk ; Bankruptcy …

sign of alleviation in pollutant concentration due to income growth is discernible; trade is found to be insignificant …This study examines the long-run relationship between industrial pollution and income in China using provincial panel … data. Four types of pollutants are modelled: waste water, solid wastes, soot and SO2 emission. Two types of income effects …

The UK has experienced a dramatic increase in earnings and income inequality over the past four decades. We use … policy shocks lead to a deterioration in earnings, income and consumption inequality and contribute to their fluctuation. The … response of income and consumption at different quantiles suggests that contractionary policy has a larger negative effect on …