We study the impact of welfare payments in Ecuador on the probability that women and men work, and on whether they are … sources of data spanning more than 10 years. We find no evidence that welfare discouraged work. However, among women, welfare …

In many cases consumers cannot observe firms' investment in quality or safety, but have only beliefs on the average … quality of the industry. In addition, the outcome of the collective investment game of the firms may be stochastic since firms … consumers' subjective perceptions of the industry level of quality matter, the regulator may make information available to firms …

the effect of connecting a household to the grid and the quality of electricity, defined as hours of daily supply. The … quality of electricity (in terms of fewer outages and more hours per day) increases non-agricultural incomes by about 28 …