effect of the inflows of immigrants on their career, employment and wages. We use the 1991 distribution of immigrants by … associated with higher skills and status when a larger number of immigrants enter their labor market. As a consequence of this …

also use the 1991 distribution of immigrants by nationality across European labor markets to construct a version of the … enclave-based instrument to proxy for the flow of immigrants, that is exogenous to local demand shocks. We find that native … Europeans are more likely to upgrade to more skilled and better paid occupations, when a larger number of immigrants enter their …

what some authors defend, it is not only the cultural factors that channel immigrants into certain segments of the labour … market. Several structural factors associated to these immigrants' arrival should be considered: the immigration policy of …

, Indian policymakers would like to: (i) increase the recognition of Indian culture globally; (ii) facilitate human capital …