We test the hypotheses that zombie firms are less productive and have lower employment growth and lower gross investment ratios than non-zombie firms in the same industry sector and that they are a source of contagion for the latter. Ever since Caballero et al. (2008), it has been taken for...

The European Union Emissions Trading System has raised concerns about possible detrimental effects on firms production through an increase in polluting costs, unless firms change inputs or increase the efficiency in the way they produce. We provide evidence of the causal impact of this policy on...

This paper investigates how the ownership and the procedure for the selection of firms operating in the local public transport sector affect their productivity. In order to compare different institutional regimes, we carry out a comparative analysis of 72 companies operating in large European...