impact of oil price shocks. Two Caribbean economies highly vulnerable to oil price shocks are considered: an oil importer … (Jamaica) and an oil exporter (Trinidad and Tobago). From a risk-sharing perspective, a desirable external capital structure is …

state system as such. Countries benefitting from oil and gas rents have been more resilient, because of their potential to …, in general, of the Arab states system. In this context, national oil companies can increasingly be conceptualized not …

Increasing oil security represents one of the most important policy actions, especially within IEA countries. Short and … long term mechanisms could help such goal. On the short term side, revision of IEA emergency response oil stock system has … stocks, and an increase in the physical amount of oil stocks. Long term measures for enhancing oil supply security can be …