The paper analyses the extent of and the reasons behind limits to competition policy harmonisation in EU enlargement …. Our focus is on vertical restraints. First, we compare the relevant legal regimes towards vertical agreements in the EU … and in Eastern Europe. We then describe competition policy practice in all ten EU candidate countries and point out …

comparing the Central European Free Trade Agreement with Stabilisation and Association Agreements that the EU has with Western … emphasises the importance of regulatory alignment for reducing trade barriers and the role of funds under the EU Growth Plan for …

. There is little transparency on their operations, very limited steering at the EU level and, beyond a small pilot project in … Ukraine, no EU-level funding for European public goods. Non-EU ECAs have increasingly used funding instruments not available … to EU ones, partly because of competition from countries not subject to the OECD Arrangement on Officially Supported …