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The transition to a zero-emission car fleet is a pivotal element of Europe's decarbonisation strategy. Italy's participation in this trajectory is significant, given the size of its car fleet. Currently, only battery electric (BEVs) and hydrogen-powered are considered zero-emission vehicles. The...
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Productive development policies (PDPs)-what used to be called industrial policies-are increasingly recognized as an essential part of the development toolkit, and the need for public-private cooperation is increasingly viewed as a key element for the successful design and implementation of such...
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Against the background of the need for alternative and additional financing channels for SMEs in Europe, this paper analyses the market segment of debt funds. It provides a market overview and comprehensive insight into the results of the EIF Private Debt Survey, a new study that provides unique...
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the markets for SME debt products and, finally, it highlights important aspects of microfinance in Europe. A chapter on …
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This working paper elaborates on the most recent update of the EIF SME Access to Finance (ESAF) Index, a composite … indicator used to monitor the state of SME external financing markets in the 27 EU countries and the UK. The current update … 2019, and therefore do not incorporate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on EU SME financing markets. …
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