environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

theoretical understanding of the conflict, the empirical part of the paper provides estimates of import demand elasticity of the …

of manufacturing formal firms in Ecuador, and, the causal relationship between the import decision and firm productivity … manufacturing sector, (ii) when we use a measure of import intensity, we find that a 100% increase in the share of imported inputs …-by-importing" hypothesis. Finally, we find that there is self- selection of more productive firms into the import market. The main conclusion …

This paper uses customs transaction data covering all Chinese exporters and the World Bank's antidumping database to … investigate how they responded to Latin-American and Caribbean (LAC) antidumping measures during 2000-2012 period. The paper uses … extensive margin effect, we still observe a positive number of exporters exited the LAC market after antidumping measures …

the market. Even when import of older vehicles was allowed in Pakistan, it was used Japanese vehicles that were imported …