findings from the literature on how productivity, innovation, and employment were impacted by the Great Liberalizationa period …, procompetitive effect of trade on total factor productivity (TFP). However, as in the 1990s, these gains do not seem to have been … limits of trade policy in boosting employment and long-term productivity growth. Policymakers should manage their …

negative effect on firms employment, total factor productivity (TFP), and revenue. A 1-percentage-point increase in the measure …-percentage-point-increase in the measure of Chinese import competition in El Salvador reduces low-productivity firms TFP by 1 … production-worker employment at large firms, reduces TFP at medium-productivity firms, reduces the total revenue of low …