Angrist, Joshua D.; Battistin, Erich; Vuri, Daniela - 2015
unemployment and other social problems, however, the Mezzogiorno is distinguished by pervasive manipulation of standardized test … classes increase score manipulation. Dishonest scoring appears to be a consequence of teacher shirking in grade transcription … variables, class size and score manipulation, suggest that the effects of class size on measured achievement are driven entirely …