transport sector affect their productivity. In order to compare different institutional regimes, we carry out a comparative … productivity, which we regress on firm and city characteristics. We find that when firms are totally or partially in public hands … their productivity is lower. Moreover, firms selected through competitive tendering display higher total factor productivity …

We measure the contribution of firm-embedded productivity to cross-country income differences. By firm …-embedded productivity we refer to the components of productivity that differ across firms and that can be transferred internationally, such … as blueprints, management practices, and intangible capital. Our approach relies on micro-level data on the cross …