The desirability, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of government welfare policies depend crucially on the income risk that households face and the actions that they can take to reduce consumption fluctuations, for instance by adjusting their saving and labor supply. Shocks to labour earnings are...

Housing, particularly for low income urban households, is a long-standing challenge in India. In 2012, 96 per cent of the all India urban housing shortage of 18.78 million was confined to low-income economic groups. This study empirically examines three facets of urban India's housing demand...