It is widely believed that vertical integration in an environment without foreclosure, or more generally without any … hurts consumers: integration induces the government to reduce the optimal subsidy and, as a result, industry output and …

literature on integration/agglomeration and that on city size and formation, we show that: i) devolution results in over … economic (i.e. intensity of trade) integration, the higher is the magnitude of the inefficiency. From a theoretical point of …

India presents an unique example of manufacturing capability in most sectors, but low integration into GVCs. This paper … examines the reasons for India's low integration into GVCs, especially in the manufacturing sector. It argues that one of the … reasons for India's low integration into GVCs is its primary focus on the domestic market. The second reason for India …