extended model with an infinite horizon, idiosyncratic risk and more realistic assumptions is used to demonstrate the general …

risk measures for portfolios with infrequently traded securities have not been explored in the literature. We propose a … methodology to calculate market risk measures based on the Kalman filter which can be used on incomplete datasets. We implement … applied to other markets with thinly traded securities. Our methodology provides reliable market risk measures in portfolios …

climate change. The risk of uncertain and potentially irreversible catastrophes is an important issue related to the latter … benchmark integrated assessment model. This study moves beyond recent catastrophe or tipping point studies with arbitrary risk … introduced here informs risk management strategies that balance uncertain future climate change impacts with the costs of …

Risk allocation games are cooperative games that are used to attribute the risk of a financial entity to its divisions …. In this paper, we extend the literature on risk allocation games by incorporating liquidity considerations. A liquidity … financial entity may have to liquidate part of its assets, which is costly. The definition of a risk allocation game under …

optimal policy balance in the context of catastrophic climate risk. The analysis uses the WITCH integrated assessment model … with a module that models the endogenous risk of experiencing an economic catastrophe if temperature increases above a … certain threshold. We find that the risk of a catastrophic outcome would encourage countries to reduce emissions even in the …

, which are disproportionately affected by climate change, raises significant concerns. This study shows that sovereign risk …. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change compared to their lower-risk … vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt …