Diwan, Ishac; Keefer, Philip; Schiffbauer, Marc - 2016
Using a large, original database of 385 politically connected firms under the Mubarak regime in Egypt, we document for … the first time the negative impact of cronyism on economic growth. In the early 2000s, a policy shift in Egypt led to the … protection, energy subsidies, access to land, and favorable regulatory enforcement. Moreover, energy subsidies and trade …