quarter of 2020 in municipalities of Northern Italian. The study accounts for potentially spatial confounding factors related … geographical information (e.g., municipalities) and Poisson regression to assess whether both ambient PM concentration and excess …

created 11 municipalities between 1994 and 2004. Using territories that sought, but failed to, achieve independence as … controls, we find that schools in newly created municipalities, on average, experienced a standard deviation decline of 0.2 in … classroom teachers and school management teams in newly created municipalities. In contrast, we found that reducing the size of …