Until the 1990s Kenya had a selective state-financed university system where students bore few educational costs. This … limited the number of university students that the government could afford to educate and created fierce competition for … programmes. By the late 2000s self-financed students accounted for roughly half of university admissions. Consequently …

teachers' actions that resulted in less attention to female students. Gender bias had an even greater effect in classrooms … where the teachers had worse interactions with students. Results show that less effective teachers (according to the …