The challenge of public administration reform is well-known: politicians often have little interest in the efficient … implementation of government policy. Using new data from 439 World Bank public sector reform loans in 109 countries, we demonstrate … second mechanism through which non-programmatic parties undermine public sector reform: clientelistic politicians have weaker …

determinants and human capital on migration and vice versa. The period under analysis is 2005-2019 and considers mobility from five … of the WB countries to the EU15. The empirical results confirm the importance of wage gaps and their changes as an …

at different speeds. We explore whether and how the variable speed towards EU accession can be traced to different legal … greater integration with the EU, compared to the Western Balkans. The Western Balkan countries remain significantly more … integrated than the EaP countries with the EU in trade terms, while convergence with the EU has been stagnating both for the …