the estimated relationship between urban population density and emissions from transport is different across the two …Previous studies have found an inverse (or negative) correlation between urban population density and per capita … emissions from land transport. In contrast, this paper finds a positive relationship between per capita CO2 emissions from …

Transportation accounts for a substantial share of CO2 emissions, and decarbonizing transport will be necessary to … limit global warming to below 2°C. Due to persistent reliance on fossil fuels, it is posited that transport is more … difficult to decarbonize than other sectors. We test this hypothesis by comparing long-term transport energy demand and emission …

neighbours in the CIS region. It stresses the importance of international oil prices as a determinant of policies and outcomes in … Russia and highlights how this has impacted macroeconomic performance during Putin's different terms in office. Although … Russia is not an economic superpower globally, the size and importance of Russia for the CIS region is significant and thus …

imported oil. -- Oil Transport ; Externalities Oil Spills ; Risk Analysis …