trade elasticities. The elasticities we compute depend directly on the specialization of trade across sectors, which is … North Macedonia - i.e. trade elasticities relevant to policy - and ultimately to calibration choices. The income and price …

'agglomeration in a system of cities' in which both intra-city trade and inter-city trade are considered. Enriching both the … economic (i.e. intensity of trade) integration, the higher is the magnitude of the inefficiency. From a theoretical point of …

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasingly dealing with challenges shaped by the new geopolitical and trade … technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. Although trade costs associated with these … international network of subsidiaries, and those that are located in trading partners with deep preferential trade agreements can …

A key characteristic of any trade bloc is its “flexibility” – the extent to which it can be modified or augmented by … existing members. This paper investigates how prospective trade bloc members value the flexibility of proposed trade agreements … in a changing trading environment. We demonstrate that country characteristics as well as the nature of the trade shock …

This paper analyzes the effect of trade liberalization on government spending in a general equilibrium model with a … continuum of industries supplying tradable and nontradable goods under monopolistic competition. Trade liberalization is modeled …. -- international trade ; monopolistic competition ; trade openness ; public expenditure …

. The impact of PI on innovation is determined by the degree of heterogeneity between firms and trade costs. Increasing … trade costs shifts from the market share losses brought by PI from the more to the less productive firm. This induces the … ; Innovation ; Trade Costs ; Welfare …

The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more …. -- Comparative Advantage ; Home Market Effect ; Hub Effect ; International Trade ; Monopolistic Competition ; Multi-country Models …

We discuss how standard computable equilibrium models of trade policy can be enriched with selection effects without … accounts for a number of real world effects of trade liberalisation: richer availability of product varieties; tougher … capture several dimensions of European integration. Simulations suggest that the gains from trade are much larger in the …