The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions … pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases … percent and 37 percent for males and females' new self-financed pensions around the year 2022, which goes to about 56 percent …

average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing … replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute … much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of …