in December 1996 of the Information Technology Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), non-tariff measure (NTMs …

. However, over the years legitimate reasons for the imposition of non-tariff measures (NTMs) within regulations have triggered … types of regulative and standard-like NTMs - TBTs and SPS measures - and the quality improvement of traded products that is … framework involving both the supply and the demand side of trade and using four types of measures of these NTMs, this paper …

Many different approaches have developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements … (FTAs). Moving on from models using simple dummy variables, today a range of databases can capture different aspects of NTMs …. This paper uses a gravity model to assess the value added of information on FTAs and NTMs by evaluating ex-post their …

Regulative non-tariff measures (NTMs), such as technical barriers to trade (TBTs) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS … of concern regarding harmful products with low standards. The impact of NTMs on trade values and trade volumes has been … of their exports subject to the compliance costs of NTMs behind the border and a fixed cost of technological change …