SVAR models that include a single world price (such as the terms-of-trade) predict that world shocks explain a small … multiple commodity prices transmit world disturbances. Estimates on a panel of 138 countries over the period 1960-2015 indicate … that world shocks explain on average 33 percent of output fluctuations in individual economies. This figure doubles when …

subject to self-fulfilling variations in the world real interest rate. Those expectation-driven changes in the borrowing cost … asset prices, GDP, consumption, investment and employment). When firms around the world benefit from unexpectedly low debt … internationally. Such a stylized model thus offers one way to rationalize both the existence of world business-cycle factor documented …