This paper identifies three types of welfare regimes in Africa, based on the insight that tax and expenditure regimes …, demonstrating that welfare regimes in Africa have been strongly determined by the ways in which different countries were … expenditure has tended to obscure this important aspect of welfare regimes in Africa. …

Today Africa is a small emitter, but it has a large and faster-than-average growing population and per capita income … characterize the potential future energy development for Continental and Sub-Saharan Africa under different assumptions about … population and income. Our results suggest that population and economic growth rates will strongly influence Africa's future …