undertaking indigenous innovation tends to gain a higher level of energy productivity. … energy productivity growth. We draw on the Solow growth model to build a benchmark exogenous framework to explore the basic … growth rates of energy productivity are the same across countries in the balanced growth path equilibrium, but the cross …

This research sheds light on the role of product scope on the innovation activity of multinational multi-product firms …. We use patent citation data to break down innovation into two types by measuring the degree to which innovation performed … focus on two features in multinational production: (i) fundamental innovation is geographically more difficult to transfer …