down on research and development (R&D) spending and STEM-oriented human capital. In this paper, we assess China's progress … research and patents. We then evaluate how China has fared with respect to the ultimate goal of commercialising this progress … bottlenecks that might be hindering the translation of China's innovation efforts into productivity growth. …

China is often credited with a successful application of industrial policy. One important particularity of China … valid comparisons, our analysis of how China conducts industrial policy in a variety of sectors points to success in some … sectors but not all. More importantly, productivity growth in China has already been declining for two decades. Given the very …

China's economic ties with Russia are deepening, particularly in terms of trade and cross-border lending, but less so … in terms of Chinese foreign direct investment in, or portfolio flows to, Russia. Meanwhile, Europe remains Russia …'s largest trading partner, lender and investor. In relation to trade, an analysis of China's increasing export share and the …

protectionism) and tertiary (ie global power competition with China) objectives. The initial negotiation proposal submitted by the …