. We effectively compare employment changes in each part of the wage distribution in low-wage areas to employment changes … spillovers up to around the 20th percentile of wages. Overall we find small negative effects on employment which are not … incomes are very sensitive to the size of employment effects. …

workers moving out of employment, workers moving into employment, and workers continuing in employment. We estimate the … to control for possible employment effects. We find that minimum wage increases do not result in an abnormal … concentration of Job Leavers below the new minimum wage, which is inconsistent with employment effects predicted by a neoclassical …