empirically investigate the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages and workhours during the pandemic …. Relying on Estonian Labour Force Survey data, we document that the pandemic has, if anything, reduced gender inequality in all … - rising as infections mounted and declining as the first wave flattened - overall, the pandemic did not exacerbate gender gaps …

This paper looks at the gender wage gap throughout the transition from communism to capitalism and throughout a time of … participation for women. Although the regime was formally egalitarian, the gender attitudes were conservative and the raw gender … wage gap was as large as 41% at the end of the communist period in Estonia. The large gender wage gap under communist rule …

. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then …In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces … discuss and build on one gender-neutral force behind the rise in female employment, namely the rise of the service economy …

This paper studies the effect of firms'export activity on the gender wage gap among its workers. Using matched employer …, which reinforces female comparative advantage and reduces (widens) the gender wage gap in white-collar (blue …-collar) occupations. Our results, identified out of the variation in wages within firm-worker pairs, are robust to controlling for a …

congestion policy, spatial planning and transport infrastructure provision, but are also relevant to our understanding of gender … dataset for West Germany to flexibly account for both unobserved individual heterogeneity and changes dependent on wages and … women's over a large range of wages. However, women's marginal willingness to pay more than doubles after the birth of a …

wages for 26 European economies. To ease comparisons we make use of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living … Conditions inquiry released in 2009. The premium is found to be higher at the right tail of the distribution of wages, suggesting …