This paper discusses several approaches to examining the relationship between child care and mothers' labor supply. The … focus is on child care for children aged 0-3, because this is a critical period for working mothers and their children and …

percentage points on mothers' work participation. Our results are robust to different econometric specifications. We also find …

mechanisms. Through their impact on childcare availability, grandmothers' deaths reduce mothers' employment rate by 12 percentage … points (27 percent) and do not affect fathers' employment rate. The negative effect on mothers' employment is smaller where …

exploit the setting of German reunification. A state socialist country, East Germany strongly encouraged mothers to … Germans through migration and commuting. A comparison of East and West German mothers on both sides of the former Inner German … border within the same commuting zone shows that culture matters. Indeed, East German mothers return to work more quickly and …

parents of school-aged children in two-parent opposite-gender families. In line with existing evidence, we find that mothers …' paid work took a larger hit than that of fathers, and that mothers spent substantially longer doing childcare and housework … earnings prior to the crisis: independently of which parent earned the most before the pandemic, it is always mothers who …