of manufacturing formal firms in Ecuador, and, the causal relationship between the import decision and firm productivity … manufacturing sector, (ii) when we use a measure of import intensity, we find that a 100% increase in the share of imported inputs …-by-importing" hypothesis. Finally, we find that there is self- selection of more productive firms into the import market. The main conclusion …

We study the impact of Chinese import competition in the 2000s on workers and their households in England and Wales. We … individuals whose partner is exposed to trade. We find substantial differences by gender. Men respond to import competition by … own trade exposure, and as an 'added worker effect' when their partner is exposed to the shock. By contrast, we find no …

individuals and their partners to rising Chinese import competition in the 2000s. We test whether partners provide insurance … against lost household earnings by increasing labour supply. We find that both own and partner responses to the shock vary … significantly by gender. Men in households exposed to import competition respond by increasing labour force participation at older …