We identify whether remittances facilitate consumption smoothing during health shocks in Jamaica. In addition, we … investigate whether remittances are subject to moral hazard by receivers, how the informal insurance provided by remittances … interacts with formal health insurance, and whether there are differential effects by gender of the household head. We find that …

. We obtained heterogeneous results when disaggregating by gender, urban/rural location, and sector of economic activity …. Surprisingly, we found that the differences in income by education level declined in most cases. Remittances had a modest effect …