On 25 November 2015, the European Union enacted new rules for international mobile roaming (IMR) under Regulation 2015/2120, which seeks to implement a Roam Like at Home (RLAH) regime among the member states of the European Union. Questions remain, however, as to whether it is possible to...

We develop a model of international roaming in which mobile network operators (MNOs) compete both on the wholesale market to sell roaming services to foreign operators and on the retail market for subscribers. The operators own a network infrastructure only in their home country. To allow their...

Entry by rival app stores on the two currently available mobile operating systems is an exciting potential benefit of the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA). Apple and Google will need to share the technical specifications of their interfaces with developers and offer them the same...