effective secret vote, shaped the nature of party politics in Brazil. Engaging the literature on political clientelism, the …

the incidence of corruption. We first present an interaction-based model on corruption that predicts that the level of … corruption is positively associated with social interaction. Then we empirically verify the theoretical prediction using within … a statistically significantly positive effect on the corruption rate in China. Our findings, therefore, underscore the …

The ambiguous phenomenon of corruption has long been the cause of great theoretical debate in economics. By using … Structural Equation Modelling, with the two types of corruption as a latent variable, this paper employs causal and indicative … variables specific to the Latin American region to test for rent seeking and systemic corruption in the period between 1980 …

corrupt economies in resource-rich countries. An empirical analysis of available corruption indices suggests that instability …-led looting provides a more fundamental explanation of perceived corruption than do various social and cultural indicators or the … economic theory of internal political competition. -- Corruption ; Dictatorship ; Lending and Indebtedness ; Looting ; Natural …

executives instead favor patronage -political discretion- in public employment. This paper proposes and tests an original theory … to explain when executives forsake patronage for merit. The theory exploits exogenous variation in the institutional … design of patronage states. In some, constitutions and budget laws monopolize patronage powers in the executive; in others …