, Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia, whose economic structure is characterized by strong export orientation. We …

In 2020, European governments mitigated the economic impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and other pandemic …-support programmes implemented in the context of fiscal policy, in Europe's five largest national economies (besides Russia) in 2020 … the second half of 2020.Section 1 defines and describes the programmes. Section 2 presents the trade-offs we identified in …