This paper discusses the concept of toleration as it has been manifested in modern society through two contrasting processes the prevalence of group identity, and the prevalence of identity defined according to citizenship and individual rights. Referring primarily to the work of political...

In France, since the 1980s, imaginaries derived from decolonization have played a major role in the elaboration of anti-racist policies. Simultaneously, because of the universalistic conception of the French Republic, the use of ethnic categories has been taboo and systematically replaced, in...

Ethnic networks constitute an important component of immigrants' integration in their host societies. This has been a particularly important strategy in Italy, where institutional assistance for immigrants is often paltry and problematic. This paper examines three ethnic communities in Italy...

This paper reviews the experience of Rome in dealing with the challenges posed by a multi-ethnic society. A central feature of the local political strategy is the Pact of Integration . The adoption of the Pact proposes governance as a model of participation including many actors, namely...