competitors. The paper examines the capacity for decentralised patent-based incentive mechanisms to result in socially optimal … incompatibility between the dynamics of the patent system and the dynamics of the resistance problem under both types of evolution …. Under scale-dependent evolution, the externalities within a patent-based system indicate that decentralised mechanisms will …

the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 in the US. The Act allowed universities to retain patent rights over …

We study the effect of the fragmentation of intellectual property rights on optimal patent design. The major finding is …, which is socially costly. However, to preserve the incentives to innovate, if a patent is granted the strength of protection … should be generally higher than in the stand-alone case. -- Intellectual Property Rights ; Fragmentation ; Patent …

of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but … more sensitive to uncertainty. Commitment to EPs also increases the incentives for patent duplication. The magnitude of the …

This paper provides new evidence about the budgetary consequences - for patent offices - of the coexistence of the … forthcoming Unitary Patent (UP) with the current European Patent (EP). Simulation results illustrate a dilemma between high UP … renewal fees to ensure enough financial income for all national patent offices (NPOs) and low UP renewal fees to make the UP …

This paper argues that the consequences of the ‘fragmentation’ of the European patent system are more dramatic than the … mere prohibitive costs of maintaining a patent in force in many jurisdictions. First, detailed analysis of judicial systems …‐level competition policy and granting authority ultimately facing national jurisdictional primacy on patent issues. These high degrees …

implementation of the Community Patent (COMPAT). The econometric results and simulations presented in this paper suggest that, thanks … relative patenting costs for applicants while generating more income for the European Patent Office and most national patent … offices. The loss of economic rents (€400 million would be lost by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers) and the drop of …