and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in three countries: Kazakhstan … Asian countries are: Russia, China, United States, European countries, Iran, India and Turkey. Among these players, Russia … of Beijing. The Western countries has gained influence particularly in Kazakhstan, but they have no political leverage in …

EU-Russia relations within the context of the post-Soviet space have been one of the most investigated research topics … within the structures of the European Union (EU) and Russia. Moreover, this paper challenges the fixation on hard power and … soft power within the EU-Russia debate. Through the application of spatial concepts and their link with power, we aim at …