Singapore as a case study, it explores the Monetary Authority's adoption of the exchange rate as the primary tool since 1981 … function aligns well with actual deviations, supporting the hypothesis that Singapore's forward-looking policy rule effectively … responds to inflation and output volatility, especially during economic crises. This framework offers a promising alternative …

. inflation anchoring properties. This layout is then confronted with the policy framework in use in the euro area prior to the … dis-anchoring of long-term inflation expectations experienced in the euro area since 2013, however, suggests that the … policy framework could benefit from a rebalancing towards a formulation with stronger anchoring properties. The inflation aim …