How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the … thematically, providing empirical evidence and summarizing the key recent studies on colonial institutions, slavery, land reform …

This paper identifies three types of welfare regimes in Africa, based on the insight that tax and expenditure regimes …, demonstrating that welfare regimes in Africa have been strongly determined by the ways in which different countries were … expenditure has tended to obscure this important aspect of welfare regimes in Africa. …

paper addresses these concerns by exploiting the fact that, as suggested by recent scholarly research, the legacy of slavery … instrumented with a census-based measure of the proportion of slaves before the abolition of slavery in the nineteenth century. It …