In this paper we address the long-run effects of childhood shocks on health in late adulthood. Applying a life … health outcomes after age fifty. Having lived in a children s home, in a foster family, or having suffered a period of hunger … and later health into a-priori unknown groups, we show that some adverse shocks have opposite effects for specific groups. …

We study the contribution of health-related behaviors to the health-education gradient by distinguishing between short … behaviors in the health production function. Focusing on self-reported poor health as our health outcome, we find that education … has a protective effect for European males and females aged 50+. We also find that the mediating effects of health …

run earnings and employment losses are substantial for both groups but stronger for white collar workes. In the long run …